Nylon yog dab tsi (Thiab yuav xav txog dab tsi ua ntej yuav nws)

Npuag Summary: Nylon yog dab tsi? Puas muaj kev ruaj ntseg?
Thaum nylon tau tsim thawj zaug thaum xyoo pua 20th, nws tau coj lub ntiaj teb textile los ntawm cua daj cua dub.

Txawm hais tias peb feem ntau muaj tsawg kawg yog qee cov khoom tsim los ntawm nylon, koj tseem yuav xav tsis thoob tias nylon yog dab tsi, nws ua li cas, thiab nws cuam tshuam dab tsi rau koj kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig.

Tsab ntawv xov xwm no yuav muab cov lus qhia luv luv rau txhua yam koj xav paub txog nylon los pab koj txiav txim siab paub thaum yuav cov ntaub rau koj tus kheej thiab koj tsev neeg.

Nylon yog dab tsi?

Nylon, ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv fabrics nyob rau hauv lub zam kev lag luam, yog ib tug hluavtaws txiv neej ua fiber ntau muab los ntawm petrochemicals los yog crude roj rho tawm.

Thaum cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txuas mus rau cov khoom sib txuas hu ua amide, cov khoom tsim tawm yog thermoplastic polymer-tseem hu ua nylon.

Lawv yog tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv kub-softening, uas txhais tau hais tias nylon fibers yog ductile ntawm ib tug tej yam kub kub thiab solidify dua tom qab txias.

Qhov no muab cov fiber ntau durability thiab elasticity, ua rau nws cov khoom ntawm kev xaiv nyob rau hauv lub textile kev lag luam rau ua khaub ncaws, sportswear, swimwear thiab lwm yam kev tsoos tsho.

Tam sim no cia saib yuav ua li cas nylon tau tsim thaum chiv thawj.

Ib nyuag keeb kwm ntawm nylon
Qhov tseeb lom zem: Nylon yog lub ntiaj teb thawj cov ntaub ua hauv chav kuaj.

Xyoo 1935, American organic chemist Wallace Carothers tau tsim nylon thaum ua haujlwm ntawm DuPont Chemical Manufacturing Company.

Thaum xyoo 1935, DuPont patented fiber ntau. Nylon tuaj.

Thawj kev lag luam siv cov fiber ntau no yog kev txhim kho cov txhuam hniav nylon-bristle hauv xyoo 1938.

Nylon tau ua nws thawj zaug ntawm New York Ntiaj Teb Kev Ncaj Ncees hauv xyoo 1939 thiab tau raug qhuas tias yog lwm txoj hauv kev rau cov txhob lo lo ntxhuav.

Qhov no yog ib qho kev vam meej nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb zam, uas tsis ntev tau pib siv nylon feem ntau los ua poj niam nkawm thom khwm.

Qhov no yog vim li cas lo lus "nylon" los ua synonymous nrog "stockings."

Raws li nylon tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov poj niam zam thiab loj hlob hauv kev muaj koob meej, lwm qhov kev lag luam tawm tshiab pom nws lub peev xwm hauv qhov kev tshwm sim loj - Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II.

Cov cuab yeej siv tub rog kev lag luam tig mus rau nylon los ua parachutes rau cov tub rog. Qhov tseeb, nylon kuj tau siv rau lwm yam khoom siv hauv kev ua tsov rog xws li hlua, lub cev armor, yoov tshaj cum thiab txawm tias lub dav hlau roj tso tsheb hlau luam.

Tsis ntev, nylon hloov lub ntiaj teb ntaub mus ib txhis.

Yuav ua li cas nylon ua

 

Cias muab, nylon ntaub yog ib tug yas muab tau los ntawm roj av.

Kev hais lus, nylon yog ib qho polymer, uas txhais tau hais tias nws yog tsim los ntawm cov saw ntev ntawm monomers (los yog ib leeg-carbon molecules).

Nws qhov kev tsim khoom yog txheej txheem ntev thiab nyuaj, yuav tsum muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg ntau thiab lub zog ntawm txhua kauj ruam.

Nov yog cov kauj ruam rau kev ua nylon:

Kauj ruam 1: Extraction
Kev tsim khoom pib los ntawm kev rho tawm ib qho chaw hu ua diamine los ntawm cov roj av, lossis roj av.

Kauj ruam 2: Aggregation
Tom ntej no, ob pawg ntawm cov molecules koom ua ke los tsim ib lub polymer. Sib tov cov diamine monomer yav dhau los nrog adipic acid. Qhov tshwm sim yog viscous, crystalline polymer lossis "nylon ntsev."

Cov no feem ntau hu ua nylon 6, 6 lossis yooj yim 6-6. Lub npe yog raws li tus naj npawb ntawm carbon atoms ntawm ob pawg acid thiab pawg amine.

Kauj Ruam 3: Cua sov
Thaum cov crystals yaj nyob rau hauv dej, lawv yog acidified thiab rhuab, tsim muaj zog chains uas yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tawg txawm nyob rau hauv ib tug tshuaj theem. Qhov no yog qhov uas nylon lub zog thiab durability los ntawm.

Cov neeg tsim khoom siv cov tshuab tshwj xeeb los ua kom sov nylon polymer rau qhov kub thiab txias. Cov polymer molecules koom ua ke los ua ib qho molten loj uas ua rau cov kauj ruam tom ntej: spinning.

Kauj Ruam 4: tig
Lub resulting molten loj yog spun nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg kho tshuab spinneret, uas cais cov nplua fiber bundles thiab exposes lawv mus rau huab cua. Exposed threads harden tam sim ntawd. Tom qab ntawd lawv raug mob rau hauv spools thiab ncab los tsim lub zog thiab elasticity uas nylon nto moo rau.

Kauj ruam 5: Spool
Cov fibers filaments yog unrolled thiab ces rewound mus rau ib tug spool nyob rau hauv ib tug txheej txheem hu ua kev kos duab, uas npaj cov nylon molecules rau hauv parallel lug. Cov txiaj ntsig fiber ntau yog ntau yam xov uas tuaj yeem woven los yog sib koom ua ke, los yog ua ke thiab ntxiv melted.

Kauj Ruam 6: Kev tsim khoom
Thaum kawg, cov fibers tau npaj txhij thiab tuaj yeem woven los yog fused ua ke los tsim ntau yam khoom, nyob ntawm qhov kawg siv. Qhov siab dua qhov kub thiab txias, qhov ntau seamless thiab ci ntsa iab cov khoom kawg yuav yog.